Which fairness concept focuses on ensuring that individuals who are truly positive cases have an equal chance of being correctly identified across demographic groups?

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The concept being tested is equal opportunity in fairness for predictive models. It requires the true positive rate to be the same across demographic groups, meaning that among individuals who truly have the positive label, the chance of the model predicting positive is identical no matter which group they belong to. The statement describes this exactly: people who are truly positive have an equal chance of being correctly identified across groups. This is why equal opportunity is the best fit.

Notes: this is different from equalized odds, which also requires equal false positive rates across groups. The other options describe unrelated ideas or trade-offs rather than a formal fairness criterion.